OBJECTIVE: Anxiety and depression play an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, although there are a limited number of studies that have attempted to determine their relationship with exacerbations, and even less have tried to quantify the number of associated exacerbations. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of exacerbations associated with anxiety and depression in patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted that analysed the factors associated with exacerbations in 512 patients over a 2-year period. The exacerbations that required antibiotics and/or systemic corticosteroids were defined as moderate, and those that required hospital admission, as severe. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was applied to each patient, and the number of exacerbations during follow-up were quantified.
RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety/depression at the beginning of the study was 15.6%. During the 2 years of follow-up, the mean number of exacerbations was 2.21. The patients that also had anxiety/depression at the beginning of the study had a higher mean number of exacerbations (2.8; P=.001). Anxiety/depression was associated with an increased number of moderate-severe exacerbations in the adjusted analysis (IRRa=1.48). The other risk factors associated with a higher mean number of exacerbations were, a history of a previous severe exacerbation (IRRa=1.50; obesity (IRRa=1.27); overweight (IRRa=1.23); FEV1 ≤77% (IRRa=0.84); and more dyspnoea (IRRa=1.14).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with anxiety/depression have a greater number of exacerbations, and have a 48% higher risk of suffering an exacerbation compared to those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with no anxiety/depression.
